Comparing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Martin Luther fairy Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in different environments. King was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed. On the other hand, Malcolm X came from and underprivileged home. He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination. Martin Luther King was born into a family whose name in Atlanta was well established. Despite segregation, Martin Luther Kings parents ensured that their child was secure and happy. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted. The burning of his house by the Klu Klux Klan resulted in the murder of his father. His mother later(prenominal) suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. He was haunted by this early nightmare for most of his life. From then on, he was driven by abomination and a desire for reven ge. The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King were largely responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism. Both men ultimately became towering icons of contemporaneous African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through pacific demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites. Malcolm Xs despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is unimaginable because whites have no moral conscience. King basically adopted on an integrationalist philosophy, whereby he felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted superpatriotic and separatist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. Both X and King parcel out their message thro ugh powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He travelled about the country adult speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, for the most part, believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to take note blacks in their places. He was furious at white racism and encouraged his followers through his speeches to rise up and protest against their white enemies.

Societal Marketing Concept Essay -- essays research papers

Individual Project 11.Given the trend in obesity among American consumers, which industries stand to benefit the most? wherefore? Given the obesity issues in the American consumers, the food industry has benefited from this trend. Under the Societal Marketing Concept organizations have to balance company profits, customers wants and the societys interests. The problem is to attend what is best for the society in this case. Because there is a difference between short term consumers wants and long term consumers welfare (Brown, 2005). This issue can be very hard to handle, because it is not all companies market with a social conscience. In one hand consumers say they want healthier foods, but in the other hand, their behavior focus towards unhealthy foods. Some companies may have initiated sincere efforts to provide healthier products however, it is complicated to modify the consumers behavior in this regards (KnowledgeWharton, 2005). As indicated by The Soy Daily (2003) over recent years rates of obesity have escalated rapidly, increasing consumption of diets high in fats and sugars, and declining levels of corporeal activity. This behavior generates a marketing opportunity to the food industry, which benefits them due to the heavily supported marketing campaigns the do to attract consumers (Leatherhad food International, 2004). Even though some(prenominal) organizations such as Childrens Advertising Review Unit (CARU) announced its intentions to enforce a new level of advertising to good nutritional practices and even asked a big company like Burger King to aggressively promote healthier alternative, this efforts are not enough (Commercial Free Childhood, 2005). These policies or guidelines contradict the interests of an industry that encourages citizenry to eat more. If people really ate less, food producers, retailers and fast-food among others, would lose business. Even schools can be affected on the income they receive from companies marketing fast f oods and woolly drinks. That is why food companies take full advantage of their connections in Congress and federal agencies to make sure that anti-obesity campaigns focus on individual food choices, not food marketing practices (Nestle, 2000). 2.How would you use the information on which Americans trust for marketing purposes? These data provided by the s... ...rce Lays Responsibility on Food Industry For A major(ip) Transformation in Diet. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//thesoydailyclub.com/Research/obesity08292003.aspKnowledgeWharton (February 23, 2005). Marketing & corpulency. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//www.the-river.net/2005/02/marketing_obesi.htmlLeatherhad Food International (June 2004). Emerging Concepts in the Global Food & Drink Industry. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//www.lfra.co.uk/lfi/pdf/press820.pdfCommercial Free Childhood (March 15, 2005). Food Advertising Pushed Into Harsh Spotlight. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//www.commercia lexploitation.org/news/articles/carustiffensguidelines.htmNestle, M. (June 22, 2000). Fight on Obesity Faces Hefty Commercial Problems. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//www.commercialalert.org/obesitynestle.htm Neitlich, A. (November 21, 2003). A Revolutionary Marketing Strategy...Trust Me. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from http//www.sitepoint.com/article/marketing-strategy-trust Joyce, M. & Stewart, J (August 1999). What can we learn from time-use data? Retrieved on March 22, 2005 from http//www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/08/art1full.pdf

JFK ASSASINATION THEORY Essays -- essays papers

JFK ASSASINATION surmisalNovember 22, 1963, was one of the darkest twenty-four hourss in the history of the United States of America. It was a day of complete turmoil. People all over the country dropped everything that they were doing. Children were permitted to go home from coach and people huddled around their televisions in shock as they watched the days events. On this day, John F. Kennedy was brutally assassinated in Dallas, Texas.John F. Kennedy was probably the most lovemaking and popular president to ever sit in the Oval Office. He was the icon of our country. His youth and charisma personified the American citizen. His beautiful wife and his two preadolescent children optimized the perfect family. His war hero and his highly educated manor acquire the admiration and reverence of American society. He was truly the common mans president.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born(p) on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. The Kennedy name had already been known e nd-to-end the country and many of his relatives were convoluted in politics. He was destined to make governmental noise in our country. His family was also extremely wealthy. His father was a currencyman and a businessperson who was rumored to have made a great deal of money from bootlegging during the Prohibition era. John F. Kennedy lived lavishly throughout his life. He attended an expensive college prep school in Connecticut during his high school years. He then went on to study semesters at Princeton and Harvard. As he grew onetime(a) and more involved in politics, his campaigns were known for his large staff and private honey oil trips. His wealth also helped fund a televised debate which helped him to secure the presidential campaign against Richard Nixon.John F. Kennedy definitely did not allow his wealth to turn him into a spoiled pretty boy. He participated in football, swimming, and sailing while attention Harvard. He also served in the naval forces duri ng World War II. As a matter of fact, JFK worked out for five months to strengthen his lower back, which was injured in a football game, just so he could be accepted into the service. mend commanding the torpedo boat PT- 109, he was responsible for saving the lives of his pack members. This turned into one of the most famous war stories in history and was later on turned into a movie. His bravery during this famous event won him the Navy and Marine... ...nd he fought for what he believed in. But, the uncommon man the politicians, the big businessmen, the criminals they hated him. They did not respect the fact that he spoke his mind and fought for his beliefs. As stated above, he made a lot of enemies during his term and in the end I value they got their revenge.Kennedys assassination was definitely a conspiracy. I believe it was one that involved many, many different people throughout the world. I also believe that the US government helped cover up what really happened and knows who is truly behind this spue plot. Maybe one day well find out who really is responsible for his demolition maybe not. Until then, John F. Kennedys body rests in Arlington National Cemetery aboard his loving wife. People go there to this day and break down in tears. It is truly a sad place to be. It is sad to see how often he meant to his people. It is sad to see that a man that was loved by so many, was also hated by some.WORKS CITED1.Johnson,Glen. Camelot Revisited. Associated Press, 1995.2. http//mcadams.posc.mu.edu/home.htm3. Http//til.ai.org/jfk.htm4. Http//jfkennedy.8m.com5. Http//www.historychannel.com JFK ASSASINATION THEORY Essays -- essays papersJFK ASSASINATION THEORYNovember 22, 1963, was one of the darkest days in the history of the United States of America. It was a day of complete turmoil. People all over the country dropped everything that they were doing. Children were permitted to go home from school and people huddled aroun d their televisions in shock as they watched the days events. On this day, John F. Kennedy was brutally assassinated in Dallas, Texas.John F. Kennedy was probably the most beloved and popular president to ever sit in the Oval Office. He was the icon of our country. His youth and charisma personified the American citizen. His beautiful wife and his two young children optimized the perfect family. His war hero and his highly educated manor earned the respect and reverence of American society. He was truly the common mans president.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. The Kennedy name had already been known throughout the country and many of his relatives were involved in politics. He was destined to make political noise in our country. His family was also extremely wealthy. His father was a financier and a businessperson who was rumored to have made a great deal of money from bootlegging during the Prohibition era. John F. Kennedy li ved lavishly throughout his life. He attended an expensive college prep school in Connecticut during his high school years. He then went on to study semesters at Princeton and Harvard. As he grew older and more involved in politics, his campaigns were known for his large staff and private jet trips. His wealth also helped fund a televised debate which helped him to secure the presidential campaign against Richard Nixon.John F. Kennedy definitely did not allow his wealth to turn him into a spoiled pretty boy. He participated in football, swimming, and sailing while attending Harvard. He also served in the Navy during World War II. As a matter of fact, JFK worked out for five months to strengthen his lower back, which was injured in a football game, just so he could be accepted into the service. While commanding the torpedo boat PT- 109, he was responsible for saving the lives of his crew members. This turned into one of the most famous war stories in history and was later tu rned into a movie. His bravery during this famous event won him the Navy and Marine... ...nd he fought for what he believed in. But, the uncommon man the politicians, the big businessmen, the criminals they hated him. They did not respect the fact that he spoke his mind and fought for his beliefs. As stated above, he made a lot of enemies during his term and in the end I think they got their revenge.Kennedys assassination was definitely a conspiracy. I believe it was one that involved many, many different people throughout the world. I also believe that the US government helped cover up what really happened and knows who is truly behind this sick plot. Maybe one day well find out who really is responsible for his death maybe not. Until then, John F. Kennedys body rests in Arlington National Cemetery alongside his loving wife. People go there to this day and break down in tears. It is truly a sad place to be. It is sad to see how much he meant to his people. It is sad to see that a man that was loved by so many, was also hated by some.WORKS CITED1.Johnson,Glen. Camelot Revisited. Associated Press, 1995.2. http//mcadams.posc.mu.edu/home.htm3. Http//til.ai.org/jfk.htm4. Http//jfkennedy.8m.com5. Http//www.historychannel.com

Year-Round Schooling: The Way to Go Essay -- essays papers

Year-Round Schooling The Way to GoMany people feel that no school should have a year-around schedule because it is not right for children be in school year round. Despite this feeling, many schools have changed their schedule to a year-round one to make their students as well as their teachers. Year-round schooling (YRS), also know as year-round fosterage (YRE), is a good way to better students education. It betters students education by willd more frequent breaks, and endowment student opportunites to participate in inter-sessions. The first year-round school in the United States was in Bluffton, Indiana in the year 1904. The purpose of changing their schedule to a year-round one was to increase the school building capacity, student achievement, minimize summer learning loss, and provide remediation during inter-sessions. From then till 1998 and 1999, there have been over two thousand year-round schools throughout the United States, Canada, and the Pacific Region. Year-round sc hedules can be made up of two types of systems, a single track, and a multi-track with attendance programs or a combination the two. The single track is for the whole student system to follow the same schedule, as well as the staff. The multi-track separates the students and teachers into groups. Each group gets assigned a different track. The benefits of having multi-track programs argon less overcrowding, class size reduction, and bountiful teachers the opportunity to work year-round (Palmer & Bemis, 1999). In addition to single track and multi-track systems there are other various types of year-round schedules. The 60-20 and 60-15, 45-15 and 45-10, and Concept 6 are the most common type. The 60-20 schedule is divided into three 60 day se... ... school calendars offer sports after school, this gives students less measure to study and do cooking in order to improve, or if the student studies all he or she can, they loss sleep. Having sports offered during inter-sessions gives students more time during the school sessions to study and do homework, plus giving them more time to sleep in order to help them perform better in the classroom. During the frequent breaks, or inter-sessions if teachers opt not to teach, gives them additional time to prepare better lesson plans and have more energy to teach. During the school sessions, because of the frequent breaks in year round schooling, students and teachers get less of a work rouse in a period of time compared to students and teachers who are in a school with a traditional calendar. This reduces the stress of those teachers and students making everybody a bit happier.

Rental Income Essay -- Business, Taxes

In order to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, at least 95% of a REITs gross income must be derived from sources such as dividends, interest, and 75% of income from items related to certain existent property. The items of income related to real soil assets are listed under IRC 856(c)(3) which includes, among other sources, rents from real property, interest on obligations secured by real property or on interests in real property, gain from the cut-rate sale or other disposition of real property that is not inventory or dealer property, and dividends and gains from the sale or orther disposition of shares in other re assume REITs. For the purpose of the income tests described above, IRC 856(d)(1) earmarks that the term rents from real property includes rents from interests in real property, charges for services customarily furnished or rendered in connection with the rental of real property, whether or not such charges are separately stated, and rent attributable to persona l property which is leased under, or in connection with, a lease of real property, but only if the rent attributable to such personal property for the taxable year does not exceed 15 percent of the contribute rent for the taxable year attributable to both the real and personal property leased under, or in connection with, such lease.To provide guidance with regard to tiered partnerships, the Treasury prescribed Reg. 1.856-3(g) which states that a REIT is permitted to look through a partnership in which it is a partner for the purposes of applying the income tests of IRC 856(c)(2) and IRC 856(c)(3). This regulation fraction provides that a REIT is deemed to own a proportionate share of each of the assets of the partnership and that it is deemed to be ent... ...hall be issued to provide that certain items of gross income will not be taken into account in determining income or loss from any activity. The judgeship could not justify treating IRC 469(l)(1) as self-executing and I RC 469(l)(2) as not being self-executing. The court stated that there was intent to promulgate regulations to carry out a statutory purpose and the fact that regulations are not forthcoming cannot be an pleasant basis to preclude taxpayer from congressionally intended and appropriate relief. In addition, the court emphasized that Hillmans approach in netting his share of self-charged management fee outlay with gross income from the activities fulfills the economic significance concern. The taxpayer did not experience accretion in wealth. The court did not see an economic difference between this situation and one and only(a) involving self-charged lending.

Rental Income Essay -- Business, Taxes

In order to qualify as a REIT for some(prenominal) taxable year, at least 95% of a REITs flagrant income must be derived from sources such as dividends, interest, and 75% of income from items related to certain genuine property. The items of income related to real estate assets are listed under IRC 856(c)(3) which includes, among other sources, rents from real property, interest on obligations secured by real property or on interests in real property, gain from the sale or other inclination of an orbit of real property that is non inventory or dealer property, and dividends and gains from the sale or orther disposition of divides in other qualifying REITs. For the purpose of the income tests described above, IRC 856(d)(1) provides that the term rents from real property includes rents from interests in real property, charges for services customarily furnished or rendered in participation with the rental of real property, whether or not such charges are separately stated, and rent attributable to personal property which is leased under, or in connection with, a lease of real property, but only if the rent attributable to such personal property for the taxable year does not outdo 15 percent of the total rent for the taxable year attributable to both the real and personal property leased under, or in connection with, such lease.To provide guidance with regard to tiered partnerships, the Treasury prescribed Reg. 1.856-3(g) which states that a REIT is permitted to look through a partnership in which it is a partner for the purposes of applying the income tests of IRC 856(c)(2) and IRC 856(c)(3). This regulation section provides that a REIT is deemed to own a proportionate share of each of the assets of the partnership and that it is deemed to be ent... ...hall be issued to provide that certain items of gross income will not be taken into account in determining income or loss from any activity. The court could not justify treating IRC 469(l)(1) as self- executing and IRC 469(l)(2) as not being self-executing. The court stated that there was intent to promulgate regulations to carry out a statutory purpose and the fact that regulations are not forthcoming cannot be an acceptable basis to preclude taxpayer from congressionally intended and appropriate relief. In addition, the court emphasized that Hillmans approach in netting his share of self-charged management fee expense with gross income from the activities fulfills the economic significance concern. The taxpayer did not experience accretion in wealth. The court did not see an economic contrast between this situation and one involving self-charged lending.

Explain the characteristics of assessment for learning Essay

Assessment for learning focuses on the learning process and how to improve a babes academic progression, finding out where pupils are within a learning range, where they need to go and how best to get there. A miscellanea of assessment for learning strategies can be used to aide children in their learning and these can be adopted by teachers to gain an understanding of what has been achieved and what abutting steps will be required to take a childs learning forward.Typical characteristics of assessment for learning are Enable teachers to broadcast the next stages in a childs learning to ensure individual progress. Provide a consistent whole school approach that encourages inform and learning. To make sure that pupils are actively involved in lessons from the very start. Helping pupils understand and know the standard of work that they are aiming for in category by asking oppugns of themselves i.e. what have I learnt? what could I have done to improve on that piece of work? Pro viding constructive feedback that will help pupils account improvement and by also educating pupils in self assessment methods in order to ascertain areas for development. In order for teachers and pupils to play an important usance in facilitating learning experiences then there must be an element of active listening from both child and teacher. Have faith that every child can progress in contrast to earlier achievements they had made. By recognising that enthusiasm and self esteem which is vital for effective learning and progress will be increased by using effective assessment methods. In order for pupils to understand where they are in their learning they should be encouraged to think, ask question and work together in groups as this will allow them to evaluate their own understanding. Pupils should be encouraged to connect their learning to other lessons, topics or keep outside of school.

Food Safety Illness

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought food for an upcoming family BBQ ground beef for hamburgers, a gemin consume of steaks, and the ingredients for reservation white potato salad.When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, unless everything was still cold when he got home.Jeremiah took the groceries home and put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a vinegarish board.Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties , seasoned the steaks, and finished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad in fact, Jeremiah didnt thrust a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use virtuoso(a) sentences, and explain your answers using item examples.1. Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-b orne illness? The possible sources of food-borne illness could be cross- contaminant from Jeremiah cutting off the fat from the steaks and cutting up the vegetables for the potato salad. If the alike(p) knife was used or if the same surface was even used to prepare both the meat and vegetables it could leave foul the vegetables or the ground beef.2. Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas byout Jeremiahs day that could incur led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. window pane out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently. One time that a food-borne illness could have been obtained when Jeremiah put the groceries in the trunk of his car, typic wholey the trunk of a car is the hottest part of a vehicle, so the groceries could have gone below the appropriate temperature to store it at.If Jeremiah would have been in the store to a greater extent than twenty minutes, both depends on the tempe rature away it could have spoiled the meat. Secondly, if Jeremiah bought mayo or any type of dressing for the potato salad it could have spoiled and therefore made the guest sick. besides Jeremiah never got to eat any of the potato salad so if it was cross contaminated than he would have not gotten sick.3. Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through? It is safe for steak to be pink in the middle compared to the hamburger due to the hamburger being processed through a machine and being handled gay beingsso therefore the meat domiciliate be contaminated more easily. With cooking the hamburger to being well done with no pink than it can kill some bacteria. For example some companies do not cleanse or clean their machines to cut down on the bacteria and any contamination that might have occurred.Scenario 2After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagne, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the cove red tray of remnant lasagna on the counter to cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.Within about 23 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea most eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. How could this illness have been prevented? The illness could have been prevented by having the lasagna uncovered while it was cooling so that condensation would have not built up on the cover. Then the water went into the lasagna, which was bacteria, and made the employees sick that ate it. The other thing that could have been done is had the lasagna put into the oven until it was thoroughly cooled.2. Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness? E-coli would be the most reasonable reason for the illness. Because Martha did not reheat the lasagna properly for the second time around the bacteria was never killed off. If she would have reheated the lasagna in the oven at the proper temperature the bacteria would have been killed off.3. Describe the temperature danger zone. It would have to cook at a certain temperature to cook all the bacteria and the microorganisms out of the lasagna. Harmful bacteria such as E-coli contaminate food without physical signs, smells or tastes. Temperatures hotter than 165F not just the outside but making sure the inside is also cooked correctly.4. How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna? If she would have left the lasagna uncovered on the counter it would have cooled down a lot fa ster. As soon as it would have became room temperature she could have covered it and put it in the refrigerator.5. If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness? When Martha put the lasagna into the microwave it wasnt hot enough for the bacteria to be cooked out of the lasagna. If she would have reheated in the lasagna would in the stove instead all the bacteria would have been cooked out and no one would have gotten sick.Scenario 3Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw sensationalistic on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chickenhearted in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about 3 hours until it was time to cook.While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife she rinsed both off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and vegetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs.As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra act to put over the rice.Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. What could be the cause of Sally and her family members illness? Would be improper food preparation by leaving chicken out on the counter more than allotted time as it developed bacteria and salmonella. She also prepared vegetables on the cutting board without proper cleaning with hot water and soap. Also reusing the marinated sauce on the rice, she should have been cooked so all the bacteria could have been cook out.2. How could this illne ss have been prevented? This illness could have been prevented with proper cleaning of all preparation and utensils materials. With proper washing with soap and hot water it would not cross contaminate the chicken, vegetables and the marinate. The illness could have also been prevented if she would have properly stored the chicken in the kitchen to make sure that bacteria would have not been growing.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 32. Company

The Cullens enormous house was to a greater extent crowded with guests than whateverone would assume could possibly be comfort qualified. It only(prenominal) worked out because none of the visitors slept. Mealtimes were dicey, though. Our comp whatever cooperated as best they could. They gave Forks and La Push a wide berth, only hunting out of state Edward was a gracious host, lending out his cars as inevitable without so much as a wince. The compromise made me genuinely uncomfortable, though I tried to tell myself that theyd both be hunting somewhere in the world, regardless.Jacob was regular more upset. The werewolves existed to prevent the loss of human life, and here was rampant murder being condoned b bely outside the packs borders. But under these circumstances, with Renesmee in acute danger, he kept his mouth shut and glared at the floor rather than the vampires.I was amazed at the easy acceptance the visiting vampires had for Jacob the problems Edward had evaluate had n eer materialized. Jacob agnisemed more or less invisible to them, not quite a person, scarcely also not food, either. They treated him the personal manner mint who are not animal-loers treat the pets of their friends.Leah, Seth, Quil, and Embry were assigned to run with Sam for now, and Jacob would have happily joined them, except that he couldnt stand to be forward from Renesmee, and Renesmee was busy bewitching the strange collection of Carlisles friends.Wed replayed the scene of Renesmees introduction to the Denali coven a half dozen times. First for Peter and Charlotte, whom Alice and Jasper had sent our way without giving them any explanation at all ilk most people who knew Alice, they trusted her instructions despite the lack of information. Alice had told them aught about which direction she and Jasper were resulting. Shed made no promise to ever see them again in the future.Neither Peter nor Charlotte had ever seen an immortal child. Though they knew the rule, thei r negative reaction was not as powerful as the Denali vampires had been at first-year. Curiosity had driven them to allow Renesmees explanation. And that was it. Now they were as committed to witnessing as Tanyas family.Carlisle had sent friends from Ireland and Egypt.The Irish clan arrived first, and they were surprisingly easy to convince. Siobhan a woman of coarse presence whose huge body was both beautiful and mesmerizing as it moved in equable undulations was the leader, only when she and her hard-faced mate, Liam, were long used to trusting the notion of their newest coven member. Little Maggie, with her bouncy red curls, was not physically imposing homogeneous the other two, but she had a vest for knowing when she was being lied to, and her verdicts were neer contested. Maggie declared that Edward spoke the truth, and so Siobhan and Liam accepted our story absolutely before even touching Renesmee.Amun and the other Egyptian vampires were another story. Even after t wo younger members of his coven, asa dulcis and Tia, had been convinced by Renesmees explanation, Amun garbaged to touch her and ordered his coven to leave. genus Benzoin an oddly cheerful vampire who looked barely older than a boy and seemed both utterly confident and utterly fearfulnessless at the analogous time persuaded Amun to stay with a few subtle threats about disbanding their bond certificate. Amun stayed, but continued to refuse to touch Renesmee, and would not allow his mate, Kebi, to touch her, either. It seemed an un ilkly grouping though the Egyptians all looked so alike, with their midnight hair and olive-toned pallor, that they comfortably could have passed for a biological family. Amun was the major(postnominal) member and the outspoken leader. Kebi never strayed uttermostther external from Amun than his shadow, and I never heard her speak a single word. Tia, Benjamins mate, was a quiet woman as well, though when she did speak there was great insight and gravity to everything she said. Still, it was Benjamin whom they all seemed to revolve slightly, as if he had some invisible magnetism the others depended upon for their balance. I saw Eleazar staring at the boy with wide eyeball and assumed Benjamin had a talent that drew the others to him.Its not that, Edward told me when we were alone that night. His gift is so singular that Amun is terrified of losing him. Much like we had planned to keep Renesmee from Aros knowledge he sighed Amun has been keeping Benjamin from Aros attention. Amun created Benjamin, knowing he would be special.What stool he do?Something Eleazars never seen before. Something Ive never heard of. Something that even your shield would do nought against. He grinned his crooked grimace at me. He can rattling influence the elements earth, wind, water, and fire. True physical manipulation, no illusion of the mind. Benjamins still experimenting with it, and Amun tries to mold him into a weapon. But you see ho w independent Benjamin is. He wont be used.You like him, I surmised from the tone of his verbalize.He has a very clear sense of right and wrong. I like his attitude.Amuns attitude was something else, and he and Kebi kept to themselves, though Benjamin and Tia were well on their way to being fast friends with both the Denali and the Irish covens. We anticipated that Carlisles return would ease the remaining tension with Amun.Emmett and Rose sent individuals any nomad friends of Carlisles that they could track down.Garrett came first a tall, rangy vampire with eager ruby eyes and long sandy hair he kept tied rear with a leather thong and it was apparent immediately that he was an adventurer. I imagined that we could have presentedhim with any challenge and he would have accepted, just to test himself. He fell in quickly with the Denali sisters, asking endless questions about their unusual lifestyle. I wondered if ve maturearianism was another challenge he would try, just to see if he could do it.Mary and Randall also came friends already, though they did not travel together. They listened to Renesmees story and stayed to witness like the others. Like the Denalis, they considered what they would do if the Volturi did not pause for explanations. All three of the nomads toyed with the caprice of standing with us.Of course, Jacob got more surly with each new addition. He kept his distance when he could, and when he couldnt he grumbled to Renesmee that someone was going to have to grant an index if anyone expected him to keep all the new bloodsuckers1names straight.Carlisle and Esme returned a week after they had gone, Emmett and Rosalie just a few days later, and all of us mat up better when they were home. Carlisle brought one more friend home with him, though friend might have been the wrong term. Alistair was a misanthropic English vampire who counted Carlisle as his closest acquaintance, though he could hardly stand a visit more than once a century. A listair very much favorite(a) to wander alone, and Carlisle had called in a lot of favors to get him here. He shunned all company, and it was clear he didnt have any admirers in the gathered covens.The brooding loathsomeness-haired vampire likewisek Carlisle at his word about Renesmees origins, refusing, like Amun, to touch her. Edward told Carlisle, Esme, and me that Alistair was afraid to be here, but more afraid of not knowing the outcome. He was latterlyly suspicious of all authority, and therefore naturally suspicious of the Volturi. What was happening now seemed to confirm all his fears.Of course, now theyll know i was here, we heard him grumble to himself in the attic his preferred spot to sulk. No way to keep it from Aro at this point. Centuries on the run, thats what this will mean. Everyone Carlisles talked to in the coda decade will be on their list. I cant gestate I got myself sucked into this mess. What a fine way to treat your friends.But if he was right about h aving to run from the Volturi, at least he had more hope of doing that than the rest of us. Alistair was a tracker, though not nearly as precise and efficient as Demetri. Alistair just mat up an elusive pull toward whatever he was seeking. But that pull would be enough to tell him which direction to run the opposite direction from Demetri.And then another pair of unexpected friends arrived unexpected, because neither Carlisle nor Rosalie had been able to contact the Amazons.Carlisle, the taller of the two very tall feline women greeted him when they arrived. Both of them seemed as if theyd been blossom outed long mail and legs, long fingers, long black braids, and long faces with long noses. They wore nothing but animal skins skin vests and tight-fitting pants that laced on the sides with leather ties. It wasnt just their eccentric clothes that made them seem wild but everything about them, from their restless crimson eyes to their sudden, darting movements. Id never met any vampires less civilized.But Alice had sent them, and that was interesting word of honor, to put it mildly. Why was Alice in South the States? Justbecause shed seen that no one else would be able to get in touch with the Amazons?Zafrina and Senna But Wheres Kachiri? Carlisle asked. Tve never seen you three apart.Alice told us we requisite to separate, Zafrina answered in the rough, deep vocalise that matched her wild appearance. Its uncomfortable to be away from each other, but Alice assured us that you needed us here, while she very much needed Kachiri somewhere else. Thats all she would tell us, except that there was a great hurry ? Zafrinas statement trailed off into a question, and with the tremor of nerves that never went away no matter how often I did this I brought Renesmee out to meet them.Despite their fierce appearance, they listened very tranquillizely to our story, and then allowed Renesmee to prove the point. They were every identification number as taken with Re nesmee as any of the other vampires, but I couldnt help worrying as I watched their swift, jerky movements so close beside her. Senna was perpetually near Zafrina, never oral presentation, but it wasnt the same as Amun and Kebi. Kebis manner seemed obedient Senna and Zafrina were more like two limbs of one organism Zafrina just happened to be the mouthpiece.The news about Alice was oddly comforting. Clearly, she was on some obscure mission of her own as she avoided whatever Aro had planned for her.Edward was thrilled to have the Amazons with us, because Zafrina was enormously talented her gift could make a very dangerous offensive weapon. Not that Edward was asking for Zafrina to side with us in the battle, but if the Volturi did not pause when they saw our witnesses, perchance they would pause for a different kind of scene.Its a very straightforward illusion, Edward explained when it turned out that I couldnt see anything, as usual. Zafrina was intrigued and amused by my exempti on something shed never encountered before and she hovered restlessly while Edward described what I was missing. Edwards eyes unfocused slightly as he continued. She can make most people see whatever she wants them to see see that, and nothing else. For example, right now I would appear to be alone in the middle of a rainwater forest. Its so clear I might possibly believe it, except for the fact that I can still feel you in my arms.Zafrinas lips twitched into her hard meter reading of a smile. A second later, Edwards eyes focused again, and he grinned back.Impressive, he said.Renesmee was fascinated with the conversation, and she reached out fearlessly toward Zafrina. undersurface I see? she asked.What would you like to see? Zafrina asked.What you showed Daddy.Zafrina nodded, and I watched anxiously as Renesmees eyes stared blankly into space. A second later, Renesmees dazzling smile lit up her face.More, she commanded.After that, it was hard to keep Renesmee away from Zafrina and her pretty pictures. I worried, because I was quite sure that Zafrina was able to create images that were not pretty at all. But through Renesmees thoughts Icould see Zafrinas visions for myself they were as clear as any of Renesmees own memories, like they were real and thus judge for myself whether they were appropriate or not.Though I didnt give her up easily, I had to admit it was a good thing Zafrina was keeping Renesmee entertained. I needed my reach. I had so much to learn, both physically and mentally, and the time was so short.My first act at learning to fight did not go well.Edward had me pinned in about two seconds. But rather of letting me wrestle my way liberal which I absolutely could have hed leaped up and away from me. I knew immediately that something was wrong he was still as stone, staring a hybridize the meadow we were practicing in.Tm sorry, Bella, he said.No, Im fine, I said. Lets go again.I cant.What do you mean, you cant? We just started.He didnt answer.Look, I know Im no good at this, but I cant get better if you dont help me.He said nothing. Playfully, I sprang at him. He made no defense at all, and we both fell to the ground. He was static as I touch my lips to his jugular.I win, I announced.His eyes narrowed, but he said nothing.Edward? Whats wrong? Why wont you teach me?A full nice passed before he spoke again.I just cant bear it. Emmett and Rosalie know as much as I do. Tanya and Eleazar probably know more. Ask someone else.Thats not fair Youre good at this. You helped Jasper before you fought with him and all the others, too. Why not me? What did I do wrong?He sighed, exasperated. His eyes were dark, barely any gold to lighten the black.Looking at you that way, analyzing you as a target. Seeing all the ways I can kill you .. . He flinched. It just makes it too real for me. We dont have so much time that it will really make a difference who your teacher is. Anyone can teach you the fundamentals.I scowled.He touched my pouting lower lip and smiled. Besides, its unnecessary. The Volturi will stop. They will be made to understand.But if they dont I need to learn this.Find another teacher.That was not our last conversation on the subject, but I never swayed him an inch from his decision.Emmett was more than free to help, though his teaching felt to me a lot like punish for all the lostarm-wrestling matches. If I could still bruise, I would have been purple from head to toe. Rose, Tanya, and Eleazar all were patient and supportive. Their lessons reminded me of Jaspers fighting instructions to the others last June, though those memories were bleary and indistinct. Some of the visitors found my education entertaining, and some even offered assistance. The nomad Garrett took a few turns he was a surprisingly good teacher he interacted so easily with others in general that I wondered how hed never found a coven. I even fought once with Zafrina while Renesmee watched from Jacobs arms. I learned sever al tricks, but I never asked for her help again. In truth, though I liked Zafrina very much and I knew she wouldnt really hurt me, the wild woman scared me to death.I learned many things from my teachers, but I had the sense that my knowledge was still impossibly basic. I had no idea how many seconds I would last against Alec and Jane. I only prayed that it would be long enough to help.Every minute of the day that I wasnt with Renesmee or learning to fight, I was in the backyard working with Kate, trying to energy my internal shield outside of my own brain to protect someone else. Edward encouraged me in this training. I knew he hoped I would find a way of contributing that satisfied me while also keeping me out of the line of fire.It was just so hard. There was nothing to get a take a shit of, nothing solid to work with. I had only my raging desire to be of use, to be able to keep Edward, Renesmee, and as much of my family as possible reliable with me. Over and over I tried to f orce the nebulous shield outside of myself, with only faint, sporadic success. It felt like I was wrestling to stretch an invisible rubber band a band that would change from concrete tangibility into insubstantial smoke at any random moment.Only Edward was willing to be our guinea pig to receive shock after shock from Kate while I grappled incompetently with the insides of my head. We worked for hours at a time, and I felt like I should be covered in sweat from the exertion, but of course my perfect body didnt betray me that way. My weariness was all mental.It killed me that it was Edward who had to suffer, my arms wrapped uselessly around him while he winced over and over from Kates low setting. I tried as hard as I could to press my shield around us both every now and then I would get it, and then it would slip away again.I hated this practice, and I wished that Zafrina would help instead of Kate. Then all Edward would have to do was look at Zafrinas illusions until I could sto p him from seeing them. But Kate insisted that I needed better motivation by which she meant my hatred of watching Edwards pain. I was beginning to doubt her assertion from the first day wed met that she wasnt sadistic about the use of her gift. She seemed to be enjoying herself to me.Hey, Edward said cheerfully, trying to hide any evidence of distress in his voice. Anything to keep me from fighting practice. That one barely stung. Good job, Bella.I took a deep schnorchel, trying to grasp on the button what Id done right, i tested the plastic band, try to force it to remain solid as I stretched it away from me.Again, Kate, I grunted through my clenched teeth.Kate pressed her palm to Edwards shoulder.He sighed in relief. Nothing that time.She raised an eyebrow. That wasnt low, either.Good, I huffed.Get ready, she told me, and reached out to Edward again.This time he shuddered, and a low breath hissed between his teeth. blue-blooded Sorry Sorry I chanted, biting my lip. Why coul dnt I get this right?Youre doing an amazing job, Bella, Edward said, pulling me tight against him. Youve really only been working at this for a few days and youre already projecting sporadically. Kate, tell her how well shes doing.Kate pursed her lips. I dont know. Shes obviously got tremendous ability, and were only beginning to touch it. She can do better, Im sure. Shes just lacking incentive.I stared at her in disbelief, my lips automatically curling back from my teeth. How could she think I lacked motivation with her shocking Edward right here in front of me?I heard murmurs from the audience that had grown steadily as I practiced only Eleazar, Carmen, and Tanya at first, but then Garrett had wandered over, then Benjamin and Tia, Siobhan and Maggie, and now even Alistair was peering down from a window on the third story. The spectators agreed with Edward they thought I was already doing well.Kate, Edward said in a specimen voice as some new course of action occurred to her, but she was already in motion. She darted along the curve of the river to where Zafrina, Senna, and Renesmee were walking slowly, Renesmees hand in Zafrinas as they traded pictures back and forth. Jacob shadowed them from a few feet behind.Nessie, Kate said the newcomers had quickly picked up the irritating nickname, would you like to come help your mother?No, I half-snarled.Edward hugged me reassuringly. I shake him off just as Renesmee flitted across the yard to me, with Kate, Zafrina, and Senna right behind her.Absolutely not, Kate, I hissed.Renesmee reached for me, and I opened my arms automatically. She curled into me, pressing her head into the hollow beneath my shoulder.But Momma, I want to help, she said in a determined voice. Her hand rested against my neck, reinforcing her desire with images of the two of us together, a team.No, I said, quickly backing away. Kate had taken a deliberate step in my direction, her hand stretched toward us.Stay away from us, Kate, I warned her.N o. She began stalking forward. She smiled like a hunter cornering her prey.I shifted Renesmee so that she was clinging to my back, still backing away at a pace that matched Kates. Now my hands were free, and if Kate wanted to keep her hands attached to her wrists, shed better keep her distance.Kate probably didnt understand, never having known for herself the passion of a mother for her child. She mustnot have realized just how far past too far shed already gone. I was so furious that my vision took on a strange reddish tint, and my tongue tasted like vehement metal. The strength I usually worked to keep restrained flowed through my muscles, and I knew I could crush her into diamond-hard rubble if she pushed me to it.The rage brought every aspect of my being into live wire focus. I could even feel the elasticity of my shield more exactly now feel that it was not a band so much as a layer, a thin film that covered me from head to toe. With the anger rippling through my body, I had a better sense of it, a tighter hold on it. I stretched it around myself, out from myself, swaddling Renesmee completely inside it, just in case Kate got past my guard.Kate took another calculated step forward, and a culpable snarl ripped up my throat and through my clenched teeth.Be careful, Kate, Edward cautioned.Kate took another step, and then made a mistake even someone as unpaid as I could recognize. Just a short leap away from me, she looked away, turning her attention from me to Edward.Renesmee was secure on my back I coiled to spring.Can you hear anything from Nessie? Kate asked him, her voice calm and easy.Edward darted into the space between us, blocking my line to Kate.No, nothing at all, he answered. Now give Bella some space to calm down, Kate. You shouldnt goad her like that. I know she doesnt seem her age, but shes only a few months old.We dont have time to do this gently, Edward. Were going to have to push her. We only have a few weeks, and shes got the potential to Back off for a minute, Kate.Kate frowned but took Edwards warning more seriously than shed taken mine.Renesmees hand was on my neck she was remembering Kates attack, showing me that no harm was meant, that Daddy was in on it.This did not pacify me. The spectrum of light I saw still seemed spoil with crimson. But I was in better control of myself, and I could see the wisdom of Kates talking to. The anger helped me. I would learn faster under pressure.That didnt mean I liked it.Kate, I growled. I rested my hand on the small of Edwards back. I could still feel my shield like a strong, flexible tab around Renesmee and me. I pushed it farther, forcing it around Edward. There was no sign of a flaw in the stretchy fabric, no threat of a tear. I panted with the effort, and my words came out sounding breathless rather than furious. Again, I said to Kate. Edward only.She rolled her eyes but flitted forward and pressed her palm to Edwards shoulder.Nothing, Edward said. I heard the smil e in his voice.And now? Kate asked.Stillnothing.And now? This time, there was the sound of strain in her voice.Nothing at all.Kate grunted and stepped away.Can you see this? Zafrina asked in her deep, wild voice, staring intently at the three of us. Her English was strangely accented, her words pulling up in unexpected places.I dont see anything I shouldnt, Edward said.And you, Renesmee? Zafrina asked.Renesmee smiled at Zafrina and shook her head.My furore had almost entirely ebbed, and I clenched my teeth together, panting faster as I pushed out against the elastic shield it felt like it was acquiring heavier the longer I held it. It pulled back, dragging inward.No one panic, Zafrina warned the little group watching me. I want to see how far she can extend.There was a shocked gasp from everyone there Eleazar, Carmen, Tanya, Garrett, Benjamin, Tia, Siobhan, Maggie everyone but Senna, who seemed prepared for whatever Zafrina was doing. The others eyes were blank, their expressions anxious.Raise your hand when you get your sight back, Zafrina instructed. Now, Bella. See how many you can shield.My breath came out in a huff. Kate was the closest person to me besides Edward and Renesmee, but even she was about ten feet away. I locked my jaw and shoved, trying to heave the resisting, peppy safeguard farther from myself. Inch by inch I drove it toward Kate, fighting the reaction that fought back with every fraction that I gained. I only watched Kates anxious expression while I worked, and I groaned quietly with relief when her eyes blinked and focused. She raised her hand.Fascinating Edward murmured under his breath. Its like one-way glass. I can read everything theyre thinking, but they cant reach me behind it. And I can hear Renesmee, though I couldnt when I was on the outside. Ill bet Kate could shock me now, because shes underneath the umbrella. I still cant hear you hmmm. How does that work? I wonder ifHe continued to mumble to himself, but I couldnt listen to the words. I ground my teeth together, struggling to force the shield out to Garrett, who was closest to Kate. His hand came up.Very good, Zafrina complimented me. Now But shed spoken too soon with a sharp gasp, I felt my shield recoil like a rubber band stretched too far, snapping back into its original shape. Renesmee, experiencing for the first time the blindness Zafrina had conjured for the others, trembled against my back. Wearily, I fought back against the elastic pull, forcing the shield to include her again.Can I have a minute? I panted. Since Id become a vampire, I hadnt felt the need to rest even once before this moment. It was unnerving to feel so drained and yet so strong at the same time.Of course, Zafrina said, and the spectators relaxed as she let them see again.Kate, Garrett called as the others murmured and drifted slightly away, disturbed by the moment of blindness vampires were not used to feeling vulnerable. The tall, sandy-haired Garrett was the only non-gif ted immortal whoseemed drawn to my practice sessions. I wondered what the lure was for the adventurer.I wouldnt, Garrett, Edward cautioned.Garrett continued toward Kate despite the warning, his lips pursed in speculation. They swan you can put a vampire flat on his back.Yes, she agreed. Then, with a sly smile, she wiggled her fingers playfully at him. curious?Garrett shrugged. Thats something Ive never seen. Seems like it might be a bit of an exaggeration___Maybe, Kate said, her face suddenly serious. Maybe it only works on the weak or the young. Im not sure. You look strong, though. Perhaps you could withstand my gift. She stretched her hand out to him, palm up a clear invitation. Her lips twitched, and I was pretty sure her grave expression was an attempt to hustle him.Garrett grinned at the challenge. Very confidently, he touched her palm with his index finger.And then, with a loud gasp, his knees buckled and he keeled over backward. His head hit a piece of granite with a shar p cracking noise. It was shocking to watch. My instincts recoiled against seeing an immortal incapacitated that way it was profoundly wrong.I told you so, Edward muttered.Garretts eyelids trembled for a few seconds, and then his eyes opened wide. He stared up at the smirking Kate, and a wondering smile lit his face.Wow, he said.Did you enjoy that? she asked skeptically.Im not crazy, he laughed, shaking his head as he got slowly to his knees, but that was sure somethingThats what I hear.Edward rolled his eyes.And then there was a low commotion from the front yard. I heard Carlisle speaking over a babble of surprised voices.Did Alice send you? he asked someone, his voice unsure, slightly upset.Another unexpected guest?Edward darted into the house and most of the others imitated him. I followed more slowly, Renesmee still perched on my back. I would give Carlisle a moment. Let him warm up the new guest, prepare him or her or them for the idea of what was coming.I pulled Renesmee into m y arms as I walked cautiously around the house to enter through the kitchen door, listening to what I couldnt see.No one sent us, a deep whispery voice answered Carlisles question. I was immediately reminded of the ancient voices of Aro and Caius, and I froze just inside the kitchen.I knew the front room was crowded almost everyone had gone in to see the newest visitors but there was barely any noise. Shallow breathing, that was all.Carlisles voice was wary as he responded. Then what brings you here now?Word travels, a different voice answered, just as feathery as the first. We heard hints that Volturi were moving against you. There were whispers that you would not stand alone. Obviously, the whispers were true. This is an impressive gathering.We are not challenging the Volturi, Carlisle answered in a strained tone. There has been a misunderstanding, that is all. A very serious misunderstanding, to be sure, but one were hoping to clear up. What yousee are witnesses. We just need t he Volturi to listen. We didnt We dont care what they say you did, the first voice interrupted. And we dont care if you broke the law.No matter how egregiously, the second inserted.Weve been waiting a millennium and a half for the Italian scum to be challenged, said the first. If there is any chance theywill fall, we will be here to see it.Or even to help defeat them, the second added. They spoke ina smooth tandem, their voices so similar that less sensitive ears would assume there was only one speaker. If we think you havea chance of success.Bella?Edward called to me ina hard voice. Bring Renesmee here, please. Maybe we should test our Romanian visitors claims.It helped to know that probably half of the vampires in the other room would come to Renesmees defense if these Romanians were upset by her. I didnt like the sound of their voices, or the dark menace in their words. As I walked into the room, I could see that I was not alone in that assessment. Most of the motionless vampire s glared with hostile eyes, anda few Carmen, Tanya, Zafrina, and Senna repositioned themselves subtly into defensive poses between the newcomers and Renesmee.The vampires at the door were both slight and short, one dark-haired and the other with hair so ashy blond that it looked pale gray. They had the same powdery look to their skin as the Volturi, though I thought it was not so pronounced. I couldnt be sure about that, as I had never seen the Volturi except with human eyes I could not make a perfect comparison. Their sharp, narrow eyes were dark burgundy, with no milky film. They wore very simple black clothes that could pass as modern but hinted at older designs.The dark one grinned when I came into view. Well, well, Carlisle. You have been naughty, havent you?Shes not what you think, Stefan.And we dont care either way, the blonde responded. As we said before.Then youre welcome to observe, Vladimir, but it is definitely not our plan to challenge the Volturi, as we said before.T hen welljust cross our fingers, Stefan began.And hope we get lucky, finished Vladimir.In the end, we had pulled together seventeen witnesses the Irish, Siobhan, Liam, and Maggie the Egyptians, Amun, Kebi, Benjamin, and Tia the Amazons, Zafrina and Senna the Romanians, Vladimir and Stefan and thenomads, Charlotte and Peter, Garrett, Alistair, Mary, and Randall to supplement our family of eleven. Tanya, Kate, Eleazar, and Carmen insisted on being counted as part of our family.Aside from the Volturi, it was probably the largest comradely gathering of mature vampires in immortal history.We all were beginning to be a little bit hopeful. Even I couldnt help it.Renesmee had won over so many in such a brief time.The Volturi only had to listen for just the tiniest second.The lasttwo surviving Romanians focused only on their bitter bitter of the ones who had overthrown their empire fifteen hundred years earlier took everything in stride. They would not touch Renesmee, but they showed no aversion to her. They seemed mysteriously delighted by our alliance with the werewolves.They watched me practice my shield with Zafrina and Kate, watched Edward answer unspoken questions, watched Benjaminpull geysers of water from the river or sharp gusts of wind from the still air with just his mind, and their eyes glowed with their fierce hope that the Volturi had at last met their match.We did not hope for the same things, but we all hoped.

Mang Inasal Marketing Profile Essay

Liqueur- is an alcoholic beverage that has been flavored with fruit, herbs, nuts, spices, flowers, or cream and bottled with added sugar. Liqueurs are typically quite scented they are usually not aged for long but may have resting periods during their production to allow flavors to marry. Salad- is a wide variety of dihses they may embroil mixture of cold and hot. Often raw vegetable. Also pasta, legumes, eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, and fuit. cooking oil- any of numerous vegetable oils used in cooking vegetable oil, oil- any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants hotel- a commercially run establishment providing lodging and usually meals for guests, and often containing a public bar banquet- a lavish and sumptuous meal feasta ceremonial meal for many people, often followed by speeches catering- To provide food or entertainment.Baking- To cook (food) with dry heat, especially in an oven. Cocktail- Any of various mixed alcoholic drinks consisting usually of brandy, whiskey, vodka, or gin combined with fruit juices or other liquors and often served chilled. Mocktail- A cocktail containing no alcohol.Tourism- the activitiy of traveliring for plea received, to check off sights, for recreation etc. hospitality- An instance of cordial and generous treatment of guests. Entertainment- Something that amuses, pleases, or diverts, especially a performance or show. Barista- is a person, usually a java-house employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks. Manager- a manager is a person who helps others others get more done. A manager helps others get more done bymotivating themproviding directionsmaking sure they are working together toward a common goal removing roadblocks andproviding feedback.Supevisor- A supervisor is the lowest, or most-junior, management position. It is usually a step above overhaul (Accounting Supervisor is senior to Lead Accounting Specialist), but below Manager. Culinary Arts-Members of the kitchen brig ade are culinary artisans. They have gone through rigorous cultivation in accredited culinary arts programs, and have learned the theories and techniques they need in order to be successful. Simply put, practicing culinary arts means youre elevating the act of eating from one of mere necessity to one of pleasure. Cake- Cake is a form of bread or bread-like food. In its modern forms, it is typically a sweet and enriched baked dessert. In its oldest forms, cakes were normally fried breads or cheesecakes, and normally had a disk shape. Determining whether a given food should be classify as bread, cake, or pastry can be difficult.Herbs- is any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume or a part of much(prenominal) a plant as used in cooking. Spices- is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance used in nutritionally peanut quantities as a food additive for flavor, color, or as a preservative that kills harmful bacteria or preven ts their growth. Bread- is a staple food prompt by cooking a dough of flour and water and often additional ingredients.

The Need To Provide Quality Education African Children Education Essay

For bulk of Afri lot kids, learning represents the l unrivaled solution of a life of frozen poorness. Across the continent, a big configuration of kids presently survive on less(prenominal) than one dollar a twenty-four hours. Children who contribute read, compose and make some arithmetic give the gate religion to acquire give out paid occupation in future. But teach is much more(prenominal) than merely occupation movements. It plays an progressively of import function tendinging kids shelter themselves agown(prenominal)st the diseases which give notice destruct hapless communities. Simple information on daily hygienics and bar saves lives and keeps the households to rangeher. Fin onlyy, A school physiques coherence, community and assurance. Educated kids atomic number 18 less opportunity to go victims of force and maltreatment. They are more likely to put in bettering their community when they are grown. And the follow-on effects of even basic didactics cursorily mult iply, as kids who have benefited from schooling themselves strive to procure even better chances for their own(prenominal) households.In Africa, it s common for schools be shut down because of wars and g everyplacenmental convulsion. Genocide in Darfur, civil war in Liberia, war in Cote dIvoire and sparing discord in Zimbabwe have all in all shut down schools and deprive pupils. Schools in galore(postnominal) states in Africa are plagued with corruptness, cheating and force. Schools are to a fault short on instructors and supplies. Even though teaching is free, compulsory until age 15 and schools anyways provide a nutrition and HIV/AIDS consciousness plan still instruction is interrupted by force in many African countries.A In order to better the instruction systems throughout Africa, attempts have to be do to halt the force and wars by implementing economic countenances and weaponries embargos.The fiscal crisis had halted betterments in instruction for kids in destitute s tates. If education budgets are non protected from the depredations of the fiscal crisis all the advancement could be jeopardized and coevalss will be condemned to p overty. A More than $ 4 billion yearly would be lost from instruction budgets in sub-Saharan Africa due to the impact of the pla enlightenary economic crisis which accounts to around 15 % bead in resources for each primary school pupil.Every 3.6 seconds one individual dies of famishment in Africa. Usually it is a kid under the age of 5. Poverty hits kids the hardest. tour a terrible deficiency of goods and services hurts every homo, it is most baleful to kids s rights endurance, wellness and nutrition, instruction, engagement, and protection from injury and emergence. It creates an environment that is damaging to kids s development in every manner mental, physical, emotional and spiritual.A More than 1 billion kids are deprived of at least one of the indispensable goods and services they use up to last, turn and dev elop. They have no entree to sanitation installations and non even safe piss which causes near 4000 deceases per twenty-four hours. Attempts should be made to picture safe H2O and helps displaced communities replace or happen new H2O resources and construct latrines. thither should be awareness and monitoring of the issues likeA hazard of abduction, sexual force and development of kids, conflict for shelter, instruction etc. and tougher Torahs for kid users.Population Explosion is an separate factor which compels to show more emphasis on instruction in Africa. The implicit in cause for predominating jobs such as population addition, poorness and high mortality rates is low or no instruction for v ainglorious fe staminates in Africa. There would be no development promotion unless adult females received instruction. In destitute countries of Africa, it is still a pattern to put precedence on male child s schooling, while misss are expected to assist with housekeeping or agricultu re. Womans who have no or small opportunity of having an instruction are normally forced to get married at a immature age, which frequently leads to multiple childbearings in unsure conditions and frequently stop up with no cognition of how to salvage themselves from the hazard of infection or HIV. So finally it makes more hard for female parents to give due consideration to the nutrition, wellness and hygiene of their babes. Family be aftering to command the population detonation and betterment in wellness systems installations are take in those destitute countries. Educated Womans are likely to get married tardily and have healthy babes. They would be more fruitful to household in financially and wellness wise.All these challenges emphasize the exact to supply quality instruction which will be cost effectual and will embrace all multitudes. handling of current technological inventions can do this possible. Use of plans like remoteness instruction and linguistic communion in terlingual rendition can supply pupils with instruction in their linguistic communication and at their ain gait. fashioning usage of Unified Software engine utilizing Software Stability Model will assist in planing and constructing systems that are stable, scalable and long lasting. Besides utilizing these engineerings the demand for big backsides is mostly reduced thereby cut downing their cost. As leaving instruction utilizing advanced engineerings does non neces tauntate the presence of teacher on the internet site, pupils can avail seamless instruction at their ain convenience. This will cut down their dependence on presence of a trained facilitator. Using lifelike and ocular tools the quality of instruction received by these deprived multitudes can be greatly enhanced. As rapid growing in technological development, more and more tools and inventions can be utilized to better quality of instruction distribution.To cover with the challenges faced by pupils in Africa we need t o follow few move to get the better of them which are as follows1. outgo learningDistance instruction is a engineering that aims to present instruction to pupils who are physically non present at the educational site. It helps pupils to derive entree to larning scarf out even if the pedagogue or larning stuff and the scholar are separated by clip or distance or both. This engineering is being widely used across the universe by many universities and educational establishments. It provides pupils the freedom to analyze from place and survey at their ain convenient clip.Surveies prove that due to prevailing economic crisis in many states in the African continent there is a significant lessening in budget devoted to development of educational systems. These states have to pull off their scarce budgets to supply quality instruction to pupils. This emphasizes the demand to develop educational systems that accept less cost to develop and keep but at the same clip make non compromise o n the quality of instruction. Use of engineerings like Distance instruction which require less cost and still supply good quality of instruction are the key.Distance instruction engineering will assist in making the disadvantaged pupils in Africa who either can non go to schools due to poverty or they are populating really far off from school or educational centre. Schools that have significant financess can put in supplying installations required for distance attainment like computing machines and internet connexion. Distance instruction makes usage of stuff reuse and the stuff can be stored for long continuance so distance instruction does non necessitate much substructure to keep and cut down the cost of the whole educational system.Different categories of adult females who are oppositewise deprived of any signifier of formal instruction can profit mostly from distance instruction installations. Womans who are homemakers are required to be at place all the clip can sit at place and survey without doing any perturbation in their matrimony and maintain on taking attention of their kids while analyzing. Another group of adult females who are denied instruction because it requires face to confront interaction with facilitators will greatly profit from distance instruction as they can prosecute instruction by maintaining safe distance from the teachers and still entree quality instruction. Womans who are uneducated but working to supply for their household can profit from larning at their ain convenience and clip. It will increase their self- regard and to a fault assist them to heighten their calling through instruction.This undertaking will supply pupils with a web site accessing which pupils can register and make user histories.They can log in to these histories and registry for classs they are interested in. They can entree the stuff that they require online and besides log in to go to on-line categories provided on the site. The University Of South Afric a ( UNISA ) is one such establishment that provides encouragement to higher instruction. It is one of the largest establishments in the universe that boasts over 120,000 registered pupils analyzing for makings, through the doctorial degree.2. lyric poem TranslationLanguages play an of import function in larning procedure. Many of the African states that are multilingual are unable to entree engineering because of the linguistic communication barrier. The linguistic communication of extension of engineering is different from their native linguistic communication. Hence they can non utilize the services provided by these engineerings. Language interlingual rendition tools are tools that can be used to change over learning stuffs, paperss and besides web pages from English linguistic communication into some other linguistic communication of involvement.If the educational and other of import content available on the cyberspace is non provided in local linguistic communication so it is of no usage of this information. Extensive usage of any peculiar linguistic communication in importance correspondences like authorities notices, stamps, and official invitations can do ignorance about their rights among stack. Language here is non merely a agency of communicating but besides has societal impact.Use of linguistic communication interlingual rendition tools to change over larning stuff into native linguistic communications can take the demand for pupils to analyze a figure of foreign linguistic communications. Advancement of pupils will besides be faster as the stuff in their native linguistic communication will be easy to understand than any foreign linguistic communication. Therefore hapless people who have really less chances for deriving instruction can do most of it. This will rush up their acquisition procedure and increase their opportunities of availing higher instruction and accordingly earn better life.Uneducated population of adult females is one of the ca uses taking to population detonation in Africa. When a adult female is educated she can take attention of whole household and herself. Womans need to be educated about daily hygiene demands and wellness concerns. They should be able to understand the demand for proper attention of babes which will assist diminish infant mortality rate. Education installations are made available to adult females in their native linguistic communications through usage of Language Translation tools. Learning about of import issues through their ain female parent lingua can hold permanent consequence on these adult females even if they are non really educated.This undertaking will supply installation to interpret available stuff in selected linguistic communications. Registered users can subject the papers that they wish to acquire translated in any of the linguistic communication available. They can so entree the stuff in the linguistic communication they are comfy with. Among a figure of organisations that provide linguistic communication interlingual rendition, web-lingo is one such organisation based in South Africa. This organisation stretch forths both proficient every bit good as untechnical interlingual rendition solutions to net development and package companies to interpret their content into and from about 85 linguistic communications. One of their undertakings includes a plan that runs on top of standard Microsoft Office Software.3. unseamed EducationSeamless Education system as one that represents an incorporate construct of instruction that stretches from early childhood through a four-year college grade.It breaks down amid high school and college, faculty members and career/technical instruction and public instruction and the workplace. The intent of seamless instruction is to fix capable citizens, whether or non they fall school or college. So instructors align classs and make interdisciplinary undertakings. It is an attempt to increase high school completion rates, trial tonss, school/college registration, occupation arrangements, economic conditions, household support.The key to economic development is an educated work force. If Africans have to take a better life they must fit their kids and grandchildren with the accomplishments needed to be educated and employed. A seamless system of instruction will guarantee that we have an educated and prepared work force to get the better of all the challenges impeding their growing and development. Education is cardinal to all issues. If our following coevals is educated they can be employed and will work at well-paid occupations. If finance is there economic conditions, wellness conditions, sanitation, poorness all will surely better.The major challenge is to do instruction easy accessible to everyone in the continent. This can be really good accomplished with seamless instruction system. Teachers from all over universe should be invited to map out which constructs should be taught and when w ill those be taught. The basic categories such as English linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, mathematics, scientific discipline and societal surveies should be must. To get down with kindergartners should be encouraged. Womans Education should be encouraged. Educational governments envision a seamless instruction system get downing with early childhood come oning through general instruction and preparation, higher and big instruction.Another issue is that a big figure of pupils enroll in Fieldss of commercialism and wellness scientific discipline. This creates a major asymmetry between humanistic disciplines and humanistic disciplines on one manus and engineering and scientific discipline on the other manus. The end product of alumnuss in Fieldss of scientific discipline and engineering should increase to equilibrate the ratio between proficient and university pupils. It is believed that seamless instruction will assist in bettering the balance to a big extent.Health Conditions can besides better by supplying instruction in Fieldss of medical specialty. Access to quality medical specialties are needed to better wellness conditions. So entree to acquire choice intervention should be in image of affordability, acceptableness and physical handiness. Proper preparation to workforce is needed to organize medical specialties direction from physician degree to patient degree. Unfortunately druggists and pharmaceutics support forces are really few in Africa. Trainings are besides provided but at deficient graduated table. So the cardinal solution to scale up wellness conditions is to increase figure of qualified druggists via higher instruction via seamless instruction system.Some of the major ends of a Seamless System can be asSmoothing pupil passages from one degree of larning to the following.Closing the accomplishment spread between white and minority pupils.Balancing the ratio of proficient and human scientific discipline pupils.Strengthening rel ationships between households and schools.Making a wider scope of larning experiences and chances for pupils in the concluding twoold ages of high school.Bettering institute s preparedness and success.4. livings and Visual imagesThe challenge to supply instruction to pupils is how to educate them to hold a solid impact in their acquisition. In layperson footings, Animations, a type of optical semblance, are graphical shows that evolve overtime. A It could be pulling, objects, or people in assorted places of linear motion. However, when played, it produces a watercourse of unbroken gesture of images. Dwelling of a series of drawings or exposure on paper, life can be viewed with a mechanical device or tossing through handheld sequence of images. Animations could be seen on movies, picture, or computing machines. Visual images on other manus include inactive show of graphical images. Visual images can absorb a batch of information and show in a personal manner so that it memorizes. A AnimationA has a topographic point in acquisition and instructional applications.Programs that usage lifes or visual images attract student involvement and offer feedback that can heighten different acquisition manners.Animation is a great schoolroom activity, leting instructors and pupils to research and develop a more originative clip tabular array in Math, Science, English and many subject countries. Bing merriment, originative and hands-on acquisition, life encourages both instructors and pupils as they use simple IT pattern, and is unambiguously suited to all schoolrooms.The online centres website will be been designed to portion illustrations, resources, thoughts and attacks to life in instruction. All the life movies featured will be available to pupils and instructors to heighten the acquisition procedure. Animation can used to supply excess aid where it is needed. Content related artworks ( both inactive and life ) and picture can assist better pupil attitudes and motive in certain topics, chiefly mathematics and scientific discipline.Technical Feasibility of the undertakingAll the above engineerings proposed that will be used in the construction of the undertaking are available in the market.Labor demands for the undertaking The undertaking will necessitate Senior flat direction including Project director and master staff including Software developers and Analysts. Office staff is required to pull off the centres.Physical location of the undertaking It will necessitate a centre where pupils can see. The centre must be located in Africa.Technology RequirementsComputer Hardware and Software The undertaking will necessitate computing machine systems with latest constellations and package. A database waiter and networking engineering to link client and waiter machines is required. Besides some basic systems that can be used by pupils to entree the stuff and information is needed.Internet connexion High velocity cyberspace connexion is required.Commerc ial feasiblenessFundss will be acquired from Education commissions that work towards development of instruction in Africa every bit good as from other developed states that allot financess in their budgets to assist educational systems in Africa.Technical ChallengesChoosing location of the instruction centre in Africa.If no cyberspace installation is available in distant countries, so towers will be needed for supplying internet connexion.Commercial PotentialThe investing through in the undertaking will assist to supply quality instruction to pupils in Africa. Although there will be no touchable net income the devolve on our investing will be obtained by accomplishing development of African states through spread of instruction

Cowboys and Cattlemen Essay

The linked States as a nation is ever changing. The U. S. population is growing every year, and the different types of ethnicities continue to scarf out into the country searching for the the Statesn Dream. However, how legion(predicate) mess actually see this dream proceed a reality? The answer to that is incredibly disheartening and was horizontal harder to obtain in the earlier years of Americas history. Unless you were a white male in the late 1800s to 1900s, the American Dream was exactly that a dream.This failed ideal can be explored through the inequality expressed in that of race, gender, and class throughout American history, specifically during the time of cowboys and kine manpower. Additionally, ofttimes(prenominal) injustices can be portrayed in todays immediate nutriment effort with the struggles of the employer to employee. Comparing and contrasting cowboys with oxen men and managers with employees will demonstrate how such issues come into affect. In ass emble to express the inequality faced within the twistforce between cowboys and cattlemen, the background of their field of playact, who did the last, and their differences need to be interpreted into account.When the Conquistadors came to the Americas in the 16th century they brought their cattle and cattle-raising techniques with them. Huge land grants by the Spanish government that was part of the hacienda system, allowed large numbers of animals to roam freely over vast beas (Wikipedia)1. Numerous traditions developed that practically related to the original location in Spain. For example, the Vaquero tradition of Northern Mexico was more organic, developed to adapt to the characteristics of the region from Spanish sources by cultural fundamental interaction between the Spanish elites and the native and mestizo peoples (Wikipedia).As settlers from the United States moved air jacket, they brought cattle breeds from the east coast and Europe and adapted their management to t he drier lands of the west by borrowing key elements of the Spanish vaquero culture (Wikipedia). From 1865-1900, raising cattle was the most prominent parentage position in the western United States. The Homestead Act of 1862 attracted more settlers to come west and set up farms. This is because the Homestead Act gave close to whiz the force to own farmland for no exist at all however, the besides requirement needed was proof that the land had modifyd during the time of ownership.Therefore, it was very easy to obtain land, moreover improving it was the biggest challenge. farm is a difficult task of raising grazing livestock such as cattle for meat. The owners of these lands known as cattlemen had to invest time in floriculture and raising crops such as hay and grains for feeding their animals to produce a profit. The cattle would go from the ranch to the groom, to the slaughterhouse, and eventually be distributed throughout America. But who are the people behind the scenes that raise and break the cattle or horses, and who does all the work on the ranch?Cowboys. Cowboys were the doers on the ranch who helped maintain it. Cowboys strived toward becoming men and they viewed the title of being a man based upon the masculinity shown. Cowboys demonstrated their masculinity in terms of their achievements on the job, their chasten over their working conditions, and their ability to make independent decisions. Even in their time of leisure, they still would do things to prove their masculinity such as gamble, drink, fight, and indulge in sexual pleasures with prostitutes.In the book, Cowboys and Cattlemen by Jacqueline Moore, she explains how Anglo cowboys recognized skill regardless of pretext, which provided exceptional men a nonher(prenominal)(a) than whites a fall out to gain respect (Moore)2. However, a majority of the hard work was left to the Mexican or black cowboys. Thats why many black cowboys were so skilled in the more difficult areas of w ork such as breaking bulls because they were forced to do it the majority of the time. Today, many industries desire the fast food industry employ people considered as the lower class.It is non common to walk into a McDonalds and see Donald Trump working the cash register. Cowboys are seen as these lower class people and it so happens people of discolour both in this time and today are still struggling to climb out of the lower class and into higher economic standing. Moore goes on to surround that cattlemen trusted the loyalty of their black cowboys and would often view them carry out sensitive missions, such as guarding large sums of money while on the trail (Moore). However, cowboys of color, despite their ability to gain respect with their amazing skill level, were still non able to become cattlemen themselves.Many cowboys for that matter didnt wear much room to improve, which is why the relationships the cowboys had with one another were so strong. Many of the cowboys we rent ashamed to show affection towards each other because these relationships were the most important in their lives. The death of a friend was always the worst tragedy. Furthermore, many of these friendships seemed to be more than superficial. People questioned them because the cowboys bunked together which created chances for sexual relationships.To continue with their intimate relationship woes, these men had a tough time attracting the more respectable women, who usually fell for cattlemen because they were more financially stable (Moore). This lead to the cowboys encounters with prostitutes. Not many cowboys, for that matter, were hook up with, and if they did get married it usually meant their biography was over. To make matters worse, towns began to find ways to drive away cowboys by prohibiting guns and fining, arresting, and punishing them on the job which forced them to comply with the regulation of their common leisure.Discredited at work and in leisure, cowboys seemed more and more marginalized, out of step with the rest of American society (Moore). Though cowboys of color were respected for their skill and, to an extent, racially tolerant, racism was still prevalent within society and in their work. Racism was not only existent during the era of Martin Luther King Jr. and the diachronic Civil Rights Movement, which was steered toward breaking color barriers in the Solid South, but it was seen as early as the times of the trail and cattle ranching. It affected the lives of the workers.People of color and women both were victims of discrimination. Women especially had no say in the way of life of the ranch because their opinion was not taken into account. The job of a women consisted of only third things. One raise the children, two do all the housework such as cooking cleaning and laundry amongst other daily household chores, and trio handle financial situations such as doing the bills and buying groceries. There were cowgirls however, their stories arent heard because there were very few and womens cattle raising positions at the time were irrelevant.Prostitutes were even more greatly degraded because of their less than condonable lifestyle. On the ranch, cowboys of color had no chance of becoming cattlemen. White Anglo cowboys had a slim chance but colored cowboys had even fewer. This is because these nonwhite races were seen as not sufficiently evolved to achieve true manhood. Segregation between white cowboys and nonwhite cowboys was also consistent on many ranches during this period. For example, Anglo cowboys ate with the owner while Mexicans would camp out with the herds.Such segregation and discrimination didnt allow women or nonwhites to move up in the friendly class. Cowboys in general, if born into a cowboy family, were destined to be that and that only. Freedom for cowboys is a myth. Ultimately, cowboys were simply employees and lost what independence they had in their field of work. Cattlemen on the other hand had easy living. Cattlemen usually obtained their position because their fathers before them were. In a way, its like they were taking on the family bloodline. Inheritance was a huge kickoff point for many of the men.However, to fully become a cattleman, emphasis on being men to prove themselves was stressed. This was done with a proper education, the contribution they make towards society, and getting married. Marriages usually lead to gifts or property, which was also another marker of manhood. The jobs cattlemen did were similar to that of businessmen- they did whatever they could to make a profit. Most of the successful cattlemen experimented with different types of pedagogy techniques and invested heavily in land. They even had other business interests outside of the cattle industry (Moore)3.Cattlemen looked to socialize with people in the towns around them rather than just the men on the ranch. As towns grew, so did the development of associations and entertainments th at the men had known before coming to town, and socializing with men of equal status was more common (Moore). Nonwhite ranchers were barren and those who were in lower classes would never be seen socializing with cattlemen unless it was on the ranch. Furthermore, the way ranchers carried themselves in public, and the economic stability they possessed allowed them to attract the more respectable women who were come apart suited to be housewives.Similarly, in instal to understand the workforce of the fast food industry, background information round the industry needs to be taken into account. The fast food industry goes hand in hand with the cattle industry. In Central America, nearly 40% of the land was cultivated to become forage for cattle that would supply cheap beef to North Americas fast food industry (Myers)4. Furthermore, the cattle raised in Central America are raised on grass, making the beef lean and only suitable for the fast food trade (Myers).Fast food has become in high demand because of its low prices and its convenience of location. Its hard to miss these restaurants because driving around in a city you are guaranteed to see some of these consumer-crazed fast food chains on just about every corner. They can even be found in local retail stores, airports, and bungle stations. Fast food is quicker than preparing home-cooked meals and according to the article, Convenience, Accessibility, and the Demand for Fast diet, fast food accounts for 35% of the total away-from-home food expenditures (Binkley, et al)5.Moreover, according to the same article, fast food chains have an increase in consumption when located in areas inhabited by African-Americans and Hispanics (Binkley, et al). Targeting low-income races with cheaply priced food allows this industry to continue to grow because those of low-income wont be consistently eating at a sit down restaurant ordering a meal for twenty dollars when they can order one at McDonalds for as low as four dol lars. Price, accessibility, and convenience are major factors to the success of this industry.Similarly to the point previously made about the low socioeconomic standing of cowboys, a majority of the employees of the fast food industry are working class people. The working class is becoming only certain ethnic groups- Hispanics, African Americans, and both legal and illegal immigrants. Once immigrants enter the U. S. they are placed in the lower class regardless if they have been in the middle class in their country of origin. These people of color are hard-working employees and have families.However, they still earn only minimum wage aft(prenominal) years of experience. Typically, these ast-food jobs are oriented to be temporary positions for teenagers who are looking to make some extra cash before going to college. But it has become a social norm that its the job position of those who are living off a paycheck-to-paycheck basis, struggling to make ends meet. Jennifer Talwars book , Fast Food Fast Track Immigrants, Big Business, and the American Dream, states, the fast food restaurant offered me a way to understand how different ethnic groups relate to each other in their attempt to survive but also improve their circumstances at the bottom of the American urban economy (Talwar). 6 Like the cowboys, workers in fast food become separated from the owners and higher-class society so they turn to the relationships of one another.However, unlike the cowboys who were unable to become cattlemen, employees of color in the fast food industry can become even owners of a McDonalds or Burger King for example. According to Talwar, Phil Hagans an African American man started out as a burger cinque and later became an owner of four McDonalds restaurants in Houston, as he was able to climb the hierarchies (Talwar). 7Just because there is marginal room for improvement of a workers position in this area of work doesnt mean there is an absence of inequality. The fast food indus try is a business built on the ideal of low prices resulting it in having to keep labor and other operating costs to a minimum. According to the book, Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry, Royle and Towers explain that low wages, minimal benefits, tight staffing, and efforts to intensify labor are predictable due to competition environment (Royle and Towers). 8This allows employers to have control and does not allow workers to have a say in changing working conditions. Such factors are not subject to change and the issue of unionizing poses no flagellum to the fast food business. This is because major fast-food companiesare employed by franchisees, many of whom own only a few restaurants or just one, like Phil Hagans (Royle and Towers). This fragments the workers not only physically but also to the extent that they are under different management. Unionization is also unable to arise due to the role technology plays in standardizing the work of fast-food crews.These ne w machines basically tell the employee when to proceed on to the next step of the routine of preparing a burger or fries, resulting in a minimisation for the need of skilled workers. Furthermore, having an education is not needed to work for fast food places such as McDonalds because these jobs dont require higher-level skills. However, while fast-food work is generally treated unskilled, it is not easy to perform well and it can be hard and exhausting work, especially during busy periods (Royle and Towers). 9 Mangers have complete control over their workers, starting with the scheduling of the workers hours. It is also a way to keep employment costs down and can be used as a disciplinary system. For example, managers can call in employees on their days off and have them work late hours. Cattlemen of the ranch had different tactics for maintaining control but the outcome was the same. Unionization is further challenged in the fast food industry because many unskilled workers are you ng teens that only see this type of work as a temporary position.According to Royle and Towers, only one third of those employed by the industry actually try to turn it into a career (Royle and Towers). Cowboys needed to have specific skill sets such as riding horses, being able to round herds up the trail, and manage the farmland. Teens and those who work the oven and fryers dont need to have a specific skill set because each skill is specialized. It can be juxtaposed to an assembly line where a worker will perform one task all day that requires low input of labor.Therefore, the value of work from cowboys compared to employees of the fast food industry is diminishing. As seen with managers and employees of the cattle industry of the past and fast food industry of today, the hierarchies of the workforce are evident and havent been drastically modified. On the ranch, a cowboy (especially one of color) couldnt become a cattlemen. In the fast-food industry a burger flipper can become a n owner of his own franchise but, unless its handed down like a ranch from cattlemen to cattlemen, its an outrageous number of years to climb in rank.The hierarchy in a typical fast-food restaurant is as follows, from lowest job to highest crewmember, crew trainer, manager trainee, second and first assistant manager, associate and general manger, store supervisor, and finally owner. By the time a worker reaches the top theyll have white hair and be ready for retirement. Climbing the different levels isnt promising. Thats how owners of big industries want it. The higher class will continue to improve and gain wealth while the lower class will struggle to fight for a higher economic standing for the majority of their lives.Many workers wont ever obtain the life they thought they would achieve in a nation known to be the home of the free and the land of the homophile(a) and where an American Dream is possible. The United States needs to adapt to make lives easier for its people by giv ing health care, increasing minimum wage, and actually listening to the voices of the people who inhibit this great country. If the United States industries continue to suck the life out of their workers and have total control over every aspect of these laborers, then the ideology of being equal will be never be in existence.